Things You Should Know About Fall Prevention

What do an icy sidewalk, a rug and an electrical cord have in common? They could cause you to fall and become injured. Falls are the leading cause of injury-related deaths, non-fatal injuries and hospital admissions for trauma among older adults. Every year, one out of every three adults age 65 and older experience a fall. Research shows the annual direct and indirect cost of fall injuries is in the 10s of billions of dollars. The good news is that certain safety measures can prevent falls and injuries.

Reducing the risk of falling

As you age, your risk of falling becomes greater. This is because of changes in vision and balance, along with other medical and physical conditions. Most people also lose bone density as they age, so the risk of broken bones from falls is a greater concern. Older adults can take steps to lower the risk of falling. Here are ideas:

• Have your vision and hearing checked regularly.
• Know the side effects of medicines. Some may lead to loss of balance and coordination.
• Limit the amount of alcohol you drink.
• Wear rubber-soled and low-heeled shoes that fit properly and support your feet. Don’t wear loose-fitting slippers that could cause you to trip.
• Be careful on wet or icy sidewalks.
• Exercise regularly to stay flexible and keep your bones strong.

Preventing falls at home

Take safety measures at home to reduce your risk of falling as you get older. Take these steps:

• Remove small rugs or use double-sided tape under small rugs to prevent slipping.
• Keep clutter to a minimum. Remove things from walking areas that you could trip over.
• Keep the temperature in your home at a comfortable level. This will keep you from becoming too dizzy from extreme cold or heat.
• Keep frequently used items in reach, so you don’t have to rely on a step stool.
• Install handle bars next to toilets and bathtubs or showers.
• Use nonslip mats in bathtubs and showers.
• Improve the lighting in your home.
• Remove electrical cords from the floor in walking areas.
• Install handrails and lights on all staircases.

Balance and falls in older adults

Having good balance means you’re able to control your body’s position. Many things can cause problems with balance.

Some medications can cause problems. For example, medicines that lower blood pressure can make you feel dizzy. Talk with your health care provider if you notice a balance problem while taking a medicine. They may be able to prescribe a smaller dose or change your medicine.

A balance disorder is a problem of the inner ear. It can make you feel unsteady or like you’re moving or spinning. Common balance disorders include vertigo, labyrinthitis and disease. See your health care provider if you:

• Feel unsteady
• Feel as if the room is spinning around you
• Feel as if you’re moving when standing still
• Lose your balance